Polargraphy uses a mercury droplet as working electrode. Usually, the drop is polarised cathodically, and cations are reduced on its surface. Due to the high overvoltage of mercury, even less noble metals can be reduced there (what would be impossible on all other metals). Main advantage is the fact, that very small traces of cations can be analysed in presence of high concentrated electrolytes - mass spectrometry would fail in such cases.
Polarography uses both constant voltage and voltage scans. Also the mercury droplet conditioning is a responsive parameter. A wide variety of polarographic methods has been developed since 1922, when Jan Heyrowaky introduced it.
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